abstract：:Loss of cardiomyocytes from cardiovascular disease is irreversible and current therapeutic strategies do not redress the loss of myocardium after injury. The discovery that endogenous fibroblasts in the heart can be reprogrammed to cardiomyocyte-like cells after myocardial infarction and heart function is improved sub...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Srivastava D,Berry EC

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous roles have been identified for extracellular signals such as Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), Transforming Growth Factor-βs (TGFβs), Wingless-Int proteins (WNTs), and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in assigning fates to cells during development of the cerebrum. However, several fundamental questions remain largely une...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Hébert JM

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expansions of microsatellite DNA repeats contribute to the inheritance of nearly 30 developmental and neurological disorders. Significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of repeat expansions using various model organisms and mammalian cell culture, and models implicating nearly all DNA t...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Kim JC,Mirkin SM

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Family-based next generation sequencing (NGS) has recently pointed to an important role for de novo germline point mutations in both rare and common genetic disorders associated with reduced fitness. In this review we highlight the impact of the mutational target size on the frequency of diseases caused by these de no...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： de Ligt J,Veltman JA,Vissers LE

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both complex disorders and monogenetic diseases are often modulated in their phenotype by further genetic, epigenetic or extrinsic factors. This gives rise to extensive phenotypic variability and potentially protection from disease manifestations, known as incomplete penetrance. Approaches including whole transcriptom...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Wirth B,Garbes L,Riessland M

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human genome is replete with interspersed repetitive sequences derived from the propagation of mobile DNA elements. Three families of human retrotransposons remain active today: LINE1, Alu, and SVA elements. Since 1988, de novo insertions at previously recognized disease loci have been shown to generate highly pen...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Babatz TD,Burns KH

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotes, the genetic material is stored in the nucleus, which is enclosed in a double lipid bilayer, the nuclear envelope (NE). It protects the genome from physical stress and separates it from the rest of the cell. On top of this physical function, growing evidence shows that the nuclear periphery contributes t...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Meister P,Taddei A

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent developments in technology have made it possible to create high resolution genome-wide maps of histone marks, DNA binding proteins and physical interactions along genomic regions. Chromatin features are found together in different combinations, dividing the genome up into domains with distinct functional proper...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： de Graaf CA,van Steensel B

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin-based epigenetic inheritance cooperates with cis-acting DNA sequence information to propagate gene expression states and chromosome architecture across cell division cycles. Histone proteins and their modifications are central components of epigenetic systems but how, and to what extent, they are propagated ...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Gómez-Rodríguez M,Jansen LE

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian genome is folded into topological domains, chromosomal units that probably serve to spatially accommodate enhancer-promoter interactions and control gene expression levels across cell populations. Longer-range contacts beyond topological domains are also formed, but only in subpopulations of cells. We pr...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Krijger PH,de Laat W

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that utilizes the ability of ionizing radiation to induce cell inactivation and cell death, generally via inflicting DNA double-strand breaks. However, different tumors and their normal surrounding tissues are not equally sensitive to radiation, posing a major challenge in th...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Metheetrairut C,Slack FJ

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphogen gradients regulate the patterning and growth of many tissues, hence a key question is how they are established and maintained during development. Theoretical descriptions have helped to explain how gradient shape is controlled by the rates of morphogen production, spreading and degradation. These effective r...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Kicheva A,Bollenbach T,Wartlick O,Jülicher F,Gonzalez-Gaitan M

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dorsoventral pattern of Drosophila embryo is specified by the nuclear localization gradient of the transcription factor Dorsal. Genetic and genomic studies of this morphogen gradient provided important insights into spatial control of gene expression in development. Recent live imaging experiments revealed hitherto un...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Rushlow CA,Shvartsman SY

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent reprogramming studies indicate that mammalian, somatic cells have the potential to achieve pluripotent states and undergo cell type switching. Such cellular traits are observed under natural conditions in animals that regenerate complex organs. A number of invertebrates display the amazing trait of whole body r...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Knapp D,Tanaka EM

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The conversion of one cell type to another is defined as metaplasia (or sometimes it is referred to as transdifferentiation or cellular reprogramming). Metaplasia is important clinically and may predispose to the development of cancer. Barrett's metaplasia is one such example and is the focus of the present review. Ba...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Burke ZD,Tosh D

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The definitive endoderm (DE) was first defined as the innermost germ layer found in all metazoan embryos. During development, it gives rise to a vast array of specialized epithelial cell types lining the respiratory and digestive systems, and contributes to associated organs such as thyroid, thymus, lungs, liver, and ...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Kraus MR,Grapin-Botton A

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cohesin defines the topology of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis by holding sister chromatids together; more recently a role for cohesin in chromatin organisation and gene expression in interphase has emerged. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Seitan VC,Merkenschlager M

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are concentrated in nuclear foci called PcG bodies. Although some of these foci are due to the tendency of PcG binding sites in the genome to occur in linear clusters, distant PcG sites can contact one another and in some cases congregate in the same PcG body when they are repressed. Expe...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Pirrotta V,Li HB

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Covalent modifications of histone proteins play key roles in transcription, DNA repair, recombination, and other such processes. Over a hundred histone modifications have been described, and a popular idea in the field is that the function of a single histone mark cannot be understood without understanding its combina...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Rando OJ

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few mechanistic ideas from the pre-molecular era of biology have had as enduring an impact as the morphogen concept. In the classical view, cells in developing embryos obtain positional information by measuring morphogen concentrations and comparing them with fixed concentration thresholds; as a result, graded morphog...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Nahmad M,Lander AD

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The digital reconstruction of the embryogenesis of model organisms from 3D+time data is revolutionizing practices in quantitative and integrative Developmental Biology. A manual and fully supervised image analysis of the massive complex data acquired with new microscopy technologies is no longer an option and automate...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Luengo-Oroz MA,Ledesma-Carbayo MJ,Peyriéras N,Santos A

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of synapse formation and plasticity in the developing and adult brain underlies a complex interplay of intrinsic genetic programs and extrinsic factors. Recent research identified microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, as a new functional layer in this regulatory network. Within only a fe...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Siegel G,Saba R,Schratt G

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axonal growth cones (GCs) steer in response to extrinsic cues using mechanisms that include local protein synthesis. This adaptive form of gene regulation occurs with spatial precision and depends on subcellular mRNA localisation. Recent genome-wide studies have shown unexpectedly complex and dynamically changing mRNA...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Jung H,O'Hare CM,Holt CE

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene regulatory networks that control sex determination vary between species. Despite these differences, comparative studies in insects have found that alternative splicing is reiteratively used in evolution to control expression of the key sex-determining genes. Sex determination is best understood in Drosophila ...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Salz HK

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the prime cause of dementia and presents a strong genetic predisposition (60-80% of the attributable risk). In addition to APOE, a major recognized genetic determinant of AD, systematic, high-throughput genomic approaches have recently allowed the characterization of four new genetic determ...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Lambert JC,Amouyel P

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human epilepsy is a common and heterogeneous condition in which genetics play an important etiological role. We begin by reviewing the past history of epilepsy genetics, a field that has traditionally included studies of pedigrees with epilepsy caused by defects in ion channels and neurotransmitters. We highlight impo...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Poduri A,Lowenstein D

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as important regulatory factors in mammalian genomics. A number of reports within the last 2 years have identified thousands of actively expressed long ncRNA transcripts with distinct properties. The long ncRNAs show differential expression patterns and regulation in a wide v...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Ørom UA,Shiekhattar R

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of methods for mapping the location of specific proteins across genomes is substantially enlightening our understanding of gene regulation. One recent discovery is that Pol II is concentrated at the 5' end of thousands of genes in mammalian and Drosophila cells. Before this, much research had focused on und...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Li J,Gilmour DS

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TGFβ acts as a potent tumor suppressor and tumor promoter in a context dependent manner. Tumor suppressive functions include inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and regulation of autophagy. As tumors develop they switch their response to TGFβ and utilise this factor as a potent promoter of cell mo...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Inman GJ

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutant onco-proteins play a direct, causal role in cancer and are therefore considered attractive drug targets. Clinical experience has supported this view, with some exceptions. However, clinical benefit has often been restricted by rapid emergence of drug-resistant clones through several distinct mechanisms. This pr...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： McCormick F

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Logical models provide insight about key control elements of biological networks. Based solely on the logical structure, we can determine state transition diagrams that give the allowed possible transitions in a coarse grained phase space. Attracting pathways and stable nodes in the state transition diagram correspond...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Glass L,Siegelmann HT

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over four decades ago, the first oscillations in metabolism in yeast cells were reported. Since then, multiple forms of oscillatory behavior have been observed in yeast grown under a variety of continuous culturing environments. The remarkable synchrony of cells undergoing such oscillations has made them ideal subject...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Laxman S,Tu BP

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whole-transcriptome analyses have established that the plant circadian clock regulates virtually every plant biological process and most prominently hormonal and stress response pathways. Systems biology efforts have successfully modeled the plant central clock machinery and an iterative process of model refinement an...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： McClung CR,Gutiérrez RA

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The circadian clock of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is built on a three-protein central oscillator that can be reconstituted in vitro, a redox-sensitive input for synchronization with the environment, and a bacterial two-component signal transduction pathway for global transcriptional regulation...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Dong G,Kim YI,Golden SS

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a universal step in animal development characterized by two major events: activation of zygotic transcription and degradation of maternally provided mRNAs. How zygotic gene products instruct the degradation of maternal messages remains a long-standing question in biology. Mi...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Giraldez AJ

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neocortex represents the brain structure that has been subjected to a major expansion in its relative size during the course of mammalian evolution. An exquisite coordination of appropriate growth of competent territories along multiple axes and their spatial patterning is required for regionalization of the corti...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Borello U,Pierani A

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bladder cancer is the 5th commonest cancer and two major risk factors are smoking and occupational chemical exposure. There is also evidence of a genetic component to its aetiology. Candidate gene studies have mostly focused on genes involved in adduct metabolism and DNA repair, including a recent consortium-based met...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Kiltie AE

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologic studies of twins indicate that 20-40% of common tumors such as breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers are inherited. However, the effect of high penetrance tumor susceptibility genes such as APC, BRCA1, BRAC2, MSH1, MLH2 and MSH6 only accounts for a small fraction of these cancers. Low to moderate pene...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Pasche B,Yi N

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kinase inhibitors have already established a foothold in the current armament for the treatment of malignancies. Indeed, the future of cancer therapy is likely to rely heavily on an ever-growing number of kinase inhibitors, either as single-agents or in combination with other targeted drugs or even chemotherapies. The...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Zhang C,Bollag G

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The computational properties of intracellular biochemical networks, for which the cell is assumed to be a 'well-mixed' reactor, have already been widely characterized. What has so far not received systematic treatment is the important role of space in many intracellular computations. Spatial network computations can b...

journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development

authors： Kinkhabwala A,Bastiaens PI

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00